PMC

A simplified schematic diagram interpreting the path of wadsleyite–ringwoodite fractional crystallization from the olivine melt.

Reagents and conditions: (a) MeOH, p-TsOH·H₂O, Δ, 2 h, then rt, 3 d; (b) py, DMAP, EtOAc, Ac₂O, 0 °C–rt, o/n; 51% (2 steps, unoptimized); (c) MsCl, py, 0 °C–rt, o/n; (d) NaOAc, HOAc, 100 °C, o/n; (e) 10 M NaOH_aq, MeOH, 80 °C, 72 h; 33: analytical sample: 92.5% pure after fractional crystallization; >99% pure after chromatography; 34: ca. 60 g; 95% pure, following fractional crystallization (HPLC analysis); (f) fractional crystallization; (g) H₂ (5 bar), 10% Pd/C (0.1 equiv), MeOH/H₂O (10:1), rt, 20 h; 27a: 98.8% pure after fractional crystallization; 28a: >99% pure after fractional crystallization (HPLC analysis).

(a) Liquid and (b) solid metal compositions, normalized to CI, calculated from 0 % to 70 % fractional crystallization of a parental liquid with the composition of the host kamacite (red line; initial liquid). Black lines represent the solid composition at 10 % intervals of fractional crystallization from 10 % crystallization to 70 % crystallization.

Fractional crystallization model (8 wt % S and 1.5 wt % P) of the Co (A), Ga (B), Ir (C), and Au (D) versus As in the SBT. The black dots are the NAA data. The red lines, blue lines, and green dashed lines denote the solid derived from simple fractional crystallization (SFC solid), solid from trapped melt (TM solid), and liquid (liquid), respectively. The purple crosses are the mixing lines (mixing line) between fractional crystallization and trapped melt solids at an increment of 5%. The labeled circles on the red lines represent the crystallization sequence (cryst.%).